Ngomhla zingama-23 kuNdasa iNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezohwebo Nentuthuko (i-UNCTAD) ikhiphe isibuyekezo sayo sakamuva mayelana nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ithola ukuthi ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kuluhlaza ngo-2022, okuqhutshwa yimpahla yemvelo.Ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kwezimpahla zemvelo noma eziluhlaza (ezaziwa nangokuthi izimpahla ezihambisana nemvelo) embikweni kusekelwe ohlwini oluhlanganisiwe lwe-OECD lwezimpahla zemvelo, ezisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa futhi ezikhipha ukungcola okumbalwa kunohwebo bendabuko.Ngokwezibalo, ivolumu yohwebo lomhlaba wonke yezimpahla zemvelo yafinyelela ku-1.9 trillion US dollar ngo-2022, ibalwa ku-10.7% wevolumu yohwebo yempahla ekhiqiziwe.Ngo-2022, ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sempahla yohwebo lomhlaba kusobala.Qhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla ngesisekelo somthamo wokuhweba wanyanga zonke.Ngokwevelu yempahla, ivolumu yokuhweba ngoJanuwari 2022 yayiyi-100. Ivolumu yokuhweba yezimpahla zemvelo ngo-2022 yashesha kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-103.6 ngo-August, futhi yagcina ukukhula okuzinzile ku-104.2 ngoDisemba.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo, ezaqala ngo-100 ngoJanuwari, zikhuphukela phezulu ngonyaka we-100.9 ngoJuni noJulayi, zabe zehla kakhulu, zawela ku-99.5 ngoDisemba.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukukhula okusheshayo kwezimpahla zemvelo kuhlotshaniswa ngokucacile nokukhula kohwebo lomhlaba wonke, kodwa akuvumelaniswa ngokuphelele.Ngo-2022, ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kwafinyelela irekhodi lama- $ 32 trillion.Kuleli nani, ukuhwebelana ngezimpahla bekucishe kube ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25, okuwukunyuka ngo-10% kunonyaka odlule.Ukuhwebelana ngezinsizakalo bekucishe kube ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisi-7, kwenyuke ngamaphesenti ayi-15 ukusuka onyakeni odlule.Kusukela ekusatshalalisweni kwesikhathi sonyaka, umthamo wokuhweba emhlabeni wonke wawuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhula komthamo wokuhweba engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, kuyilapho ababuthakathaka (kodwa besaqhubeka nokukhula) ivolumu yokuhweba engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka (ikakhulukazi yesine. quarter) kukalwe ukukhula komthamo wokuhweba ngonyaka.Nakuba ukukhula kokuhwebelana emhlabeni jikelele ngezimpahla kungaphansi kwengcindezi ngo-2022, ukuhweba ngezinsizakalo kubonise ukuqina okuthile.Ngekota yesine ka-2022, inani lohwebo emhlabeni jikelele liqhubekile nokukhula naphezu kokwehla kwenani lezohwebo, okubonisa ukuthi isidingo sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe sihlala siqinile.
Uguquko oluluhlaza emnothweni womhlaba luyakhula ngesivinini.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda, ukuhwebelana kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezemvelo kuyakhula ngesivinini.Umnotho oluhlaza uchaze kabusha izinzuzo zokuqhathanisa zazo zonke izinhlangothi kunethiwekhi yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe futhi wakhe indlela entsha yokuthuthukisa amandla okushayela.Ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwemikhiqizo eluhlaza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiphi isigaba, kungenzeka ukuzuza ekuhwebeni kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nemvelo ngesikhathi esifanayo.Umnotho wokuqala ohamba phambili ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimpahla zemvelo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, okuhlinzeka ngokugcwele ngezinzuzo zabo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula kanye nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene noma amasevisi;Umnotho odla imikhiqizo noma izinsiza eziluhlaza udinga ngokuphuthumayo ukungenisa imikhiqizo yemvelo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zoshintsho nokuthuthukiswa komnotho oluhlaza, ifinyeze umjikelezo wenguquko eluhlaza, futhi isekele "ukutshala" komnotho wezwe.Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kudale ezinye izindlela ezintsha zokufanisa nokwanelisa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semikhiqizo eluhlaza, okuqhubeka nokusekela ukuthuthuka okusheshiswayo kohwebo oluluhlaza.Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zezimpahla kwehla ngo-2022, ngaphandle kwezokuthutha emgwaqeni, lapho izimpahla zemvelo zadlala indima ebalulekile.Ukuhwebelana ngezimoto zikagesi nezengxubevange kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-25 unyaka nonyaka, amaphakheji okungezona ezepulasitiki ngamaphesenti angama-20 kanti izinjini zomoya ngamaphesenti ayishumi.Ukuvumelana okuthuthukisiwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kohlaza kanye nomphumela wesilinganiso wemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo kunciphisa izindleko zomnotho oluhlaza futhi kukhulise umfutho wemakethe wokuthuthukiswa kohwebo oluluhlaza.