Izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa ezisanda kukhululwa zika-2021 zibonisa “isivuno esikhulu” esingajwayelekile sohwebo lomhlaba wonke, kodwa kusazobonakala ukuthi iminyaka emihle izophindwa yini kulo nyaka.
Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe yi-German Federal Federal Statistics Office ngoLwesibili, ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla zaseJalimane nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2021 kulinganiselwa kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2 kanye nama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.4 ngokulandelana, kwenyuke ngo-17.1% no-14% kusukela ngonyaka owedlule, zombili zedlula i-pre-COVID-19. amazinga kanye nerekhodi eliphezulu, futhi ephakeme kakhulu kunokulindelwe yimakethe.
E-Asia, umthamo wokungenisa nokuthekelisa kweShayina weqa ku-$6 trillion ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-2021. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngemva kokufinyelela amatriliyoni a-US $4 ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-2013, umthamo wokungenisa nokuthekelisa waseShayina wafinyelela kithi u-$5 trillion kanye no-US $6 trillion ngokulandelana, wafinyelela emlandweni. okusezingeni eliphezulu.NGEMIBANDELA ye-RMB, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuzokwenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-21.2 kanye namaphesenti angama-21.5 unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana ngo-2021, kokubili okuzobona ukukhula okuphezulu okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20 uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2019.
Ukuthunyelwa kweNingizimu Korea kwamanye amazwe ngo-2021 kwakumi kuma-DOLLA ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-644,5, kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-25.8 ngonyaka kanye namadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-39.6 ngaphezu kwerekhodi langaphambili lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-604.9 ngo-2018. Ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuphelele cishe ku-$ 1.26 trillion, futhi irekhodi eliphezulu.Kungokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngowezi-2000 ukuthi izinto eziyi-15 ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa nama-semiconductors, amakhemikhali kaphethiloli kanye nezimoto, ziqophe ukukhula okunamadijithi amabili.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Japan kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngo-21.5% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2021, nokuthunyelwa kwe-China kukhuphuke kakhulu.Izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nezimpahla eziphuma kwamanye amazwe nazo zikhule ngezinga eliphezulu leminyaka eyi-11 ngonyaka odlule, kanti ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke cishe ngamaphesenti angama-30 kunonyaka odlule.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kudalwe ikakhulu ukusimama komnotho womhlaba kanye nesidingo esikhulayo.Umnotho omkhulu ululame kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, kodwa ngokuvamile wehla ngemva kwekota yesithathu, ngamazinga okukhula ahlukayo.Kodwa kukho konke, umnotho womhlaba wawulokhu ukhuphuka.IBhange Lomhlaba lilindele ukuthi umnotho womhlaba ukhule ngamaphesenti angu-5.5 ngo-2021. I-International Monetary Fund inesibikezelo esihle kakhulu samaphesenti angu-5.9.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuphinde kwakhuthazwa ukwenyuka okubanzi kwamanani ezimpahla ezifana nowoyela ongahluziwe, izinsimbi kanye nokusanhlamvu.Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, inkomba ye-Luvoort/Core commodity CRB inyuke ngo-46% unyaka nonyaka, ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kusukela ngo-1995, kubike abezindaba bakwamanye amazwe.Ezimpahleni ezinkulu ezingu-22, eziyisishiyagalolunye zenyuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 ngonyaka, ikhofi likhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-91, ukotini ngamaphesenti angu-58 kanye ne-aluminium ngamaphesenti angu-53.
Kodwa abahlaziyi bathi ukukhula kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka kube buthaka kulo nyaka.
Njengamanje, umnotho womhlaba ubhekene nezingozi eziningi ezingezinhle, okuhlanganisa nokusabalala kwe-COVID-19, ukushuba kwesimo sezwe kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuba kubi, okusho ukuthi ukululama kwezohwebo kusezingeni elixegayo.Muva nje, inqwaba yezinhlangano nezikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa iBhange Lomhlaba, IMF kanye ne-OECD, zehlise izibikezelo zazo zokukhula komnotho womhlaba ngo-2022.
Ukuqina okubuthakathaka kwe-supply chain nakho kuyisithiyo ekuvuseleleni ukuhweba.UZhang Yuyan, umqondisi we-Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ukholelwa ukuthi emabhizinisini, ukungezwani kwezohwebo phakathi kweminotho emikhulu kanye nokukhubazeka okuseduze kohlelo lokuhweba lwezizwe ngezizwe, isimo sezulu esivamile nezinhlekelele zemvelo, nokuhlaselwa njalo nge-cyber. bandise amathuba okuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain ngezilinganiso ezahlukene.
Ukuzinza kwe-Supply chain kubalulekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba jikelele.Ngokwezibalo zeNhlangano Yezohwebo Emhlabeni (i-WTO), ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla nezinye izici, umthamo wokuhwebelana ngempahla emhlabeni wonke wehla ngekota yesithathu yonyaka odlule.Ukuphindwa kwemicimbi yalo nyaka “ye-black Swan”, ephazamise noma ephazamise ukuthengwa kwempahla, kungaba ukudonseka okungenakugwema ekuhwebeni komhlaba.